High Rates Of Poverty Sierra Leone Essay - 1161 Words

Following the end of a decade-long Civil War in 2002, the West African country of the Republic of Sierra Leone began a period of rebuilding, which has only been slowed by the recent Ebola epidemic. The total population of Sierra Leone hovers around 6,453,000, with about 1,004,000 of these children under five years old. The majority population is poor, with a GDP per capita at 1,600 USD, which ranks them in place 214 when compared globally. According to a 2004 estimate, 70.2% of the population is below the poverty line. Although Sierra Leone as country is fairly resource-rich, with resources including mining for diamonds and bauxite, â€Å"nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. † High rates of poverty can place a significant burden on the health of a country. In the following situation brief, topics including burden of disease, key determinants of health, and analysis of equity will be discussed in order to assess the state of health in Sierra Leone. Burden of Disease Summary: In Sierra Leone, the life expectancy at birth is 56.5 years for men, and 57.7 years for women . Although these statistics are low when compared the global average of 71.4 years and countries in the region like Liberia with an average life expectancy of 63.2 years , the average life expectancy in Sierra Leone has increased 5.5 years since 1990 . However, overall, the life expectancy at birth is much lower than global averages. The most significant cause of death inShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Problems of Sierra Leone Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesSierra Leone or the Republic of Sierra Leone is West African country that borders to the north and east with Guinea, to the southeast with Liberia, and to the west and southwest with Atlantic Ocean. 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Motorcycle Helmet Usage Free Essays

The use of helmets in the United States is a highly controversial topic. The government has enacted and then repealed laws intended to uphold state helmet laws twice. Currently, regulation laws vary state to state. We will write a custom essay sample on Motorcycle Helmet Usage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Twenty states have comprehensive helmet laws. Seven states require riders under the age of twenty to wear a helmet, while 19 states require riders under the age of eighteen to wear one. Only three states, Colorado, Illinois, and Iowa, have no helmet regulation whatsoever. Motorcyclists protest their personal freedom, while others complain about the tax burden and higher insurance rates. Motorcycles account for less than 2% of all registered vehicles in the United States and 0.4% of all vehicle miles traveled. Unfortunately, riders account for more than 9% of all traffic deaths. Over the past ten years motorcycle related deaths have increased by about 89%. The motorcycle is both the most fuel efficient and the most hazardous highway vehicle there is. More than 2,500 motorcycle riders die in the United States each year, and over 60,000 are injured as a result of an accident. In general, riders and non riders seem to agree that it is obvious that a helmet can reduce the chance of brain injury and death. However, some believe helmets are more likely to cause an accident in the first place. Helmets limit hearing and peripheral vision capabilities which make it difficult for riders to be fully aware of what’s going on around them. The weight of the helmet, combined with hot weather can cause a sense of claustrophobia resulting in anxiety and dizziness. It is likely in these types of situations there is an increase in the chance of an accident. It is also possible to become paralyzed because of a helmet during a crash, under the right circumstances. This leaves some riders to believe there are similar risks whether they wear a helmet or not and they should be able to choose between to two. Some riders simply feel that helmets are uncomfortable and bulky, and it should be their own decision whether or not they want to wear one. And to others, they perceive the use of a helmet as â€Å"uncool†, which is enough justification for them. Contrary to some beliefs, a study by the National Public Services Research Institute concluded that the use of a motorcycle helmet does not interfere with the driver’s capability to hear or see what is going on around them.  Data collected by the National Highway Traffic Administration regarding motorcycle accidents in states where there is only a helmet law for minors indicates this type of helmet law is more difficult to enforce. The data showed that less that 40% of minors killed in crashes were wearing helmets, even though it was required by law. When a catastrophic accident has occurred, the financial burden is usually placed upon private insurers or the state. So in a state where there are multiple head injuries due to motorcycle accidents which require extensive medical treatment and rehabilitation, tax payers and others who carry insurance are financially affected. As a result, a number of people do support enforcing the helmet regulation laws since they feel directly impacted. The Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) conducted an analysis of three states with the universal helmet laws and three states without. The inpatient charges for brain injury were double the cost in the states without the universal helmet laws. Numerous studies have concluded that motorcycle crash victims who were not wearing helmets are less likely to have insurance than crash victims who were wearing helmets. Others are less concerned with the financial burden, and more concerned with the psychological impact of witnessing a gruesome disaster, or having a friend or family member die in such a manner. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, (NHTSA) head injury is the number one cause of death in motorcycle accidents. A survey conducted in 1998 concluded that 46% of fatally injured motorcyclists were not wearing helmets. The NHTSA estimates that helmets diminish the possibility of death by 29% in a crash. In 1989, six states enacted a law requiring the use of helmets. All six have seen a reduction in deaths from motorcycle accidents since then. In 1980, motorcycle rider fatalities reached a record high of 5,144. By 1990 the numbers had decreased to 3,244. For the year of 1997 there were only 2,116, an all time low.  Other research indicates that helmet laws significantly decreases fatality rates, saves taxpayer’s money, decreases money lost due to missed work, and reduces the severity of head injuries. A study carried out in California showed that during the first four years after the elimination of the federal sanctions, motorcycle deaths increased by 61% while motorcycle registration increased only by 15%. In Hawaii, research conducted by the Department of Transportation showed that motorcyclists are three times more probable to suffer a traumatic brain injury as a result of a motorcycle crash.  The accuracy of statistical information is questionable. It has shown to be difficult to retrieve financial and medical information due to privacy rights and a lack of data. More information has been successfully collected from surviving crash victims than ones who did not survive. There may also be other contributing factors to these accidents besides the fact they weren’t wearing helmets. Different weather and the length of the riding season can have a significant impact on the varying statistics. Other alternatives to reducing the number of fatalities have been suggested. Riders tend to be more supportive of raising safety awareness and mandating education before obtaining a license, since it is common for motorcyclists to learn to ride without any type of education.  In Japan, the new motorcycle riders may start off with the smallest sized motorcycle, and after a set amount of time they are allowed to graduate to a larger motorcycle. If similar regulations were mandated in the United Sates, the number of fatalities could decrease without helmet laws. Some place the blame on inattentive automobile drivers. It is common to see automobile drivers talking on their cell phone, eating, drinking, etc. Distracted drivers are less likely to use blinkers and potentially more likely to hit a motorcyclist they did not notice previously. An emphasis on defensive driving because of these types of disasters in driver education could help promote safety and reduce motorcycle-related injuries. Small incentives could help promote the use of motorcycle helmets, rather than a mandatory law. For example, a reduction in the cost of motorcycle insurance for wearing a helmet might be beneficial. Some motorcycle stores have been known to give away free helmets, or offer to install free two-way communicators in them in hopes to encourage the use of helmets. While the majority of the public seems to support a mandatory helmet law, the majority of actual motorcycle riders support freedom of choice. There are good arguments supporting both sides. This is a highly debatable topic similar to one’s right to risk dying of lung cancer because they choose to smoke. It is highly unlikely a compromise will be made that is deemed reasonable by both sides. Works Cited Department of Motor Vehicles. Helmets: A Matter of Choice? 5 December 2006   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/motorcycle-chouces.php SMS Research Marketing Services, Inc. March 2004. Motorcycle Helmets   Ã‚   Integration Report. 5 December 2006.    http://www.hawaii.gov/dot/publicaffairs/safecommunities/reports/motorcyclehelm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ets/motorcycle-intergration.pdf SMS Research Marketing Services, Inc. January 2004. Executive Highlights. 6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   December 2006.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.hawaii.gov/dot/publicaffairs/safecommunities/reports/motorcyclehelm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ets/motorcycle-focusgroups.pdf    How to cite Motorcycle Helmet Usage, Essay examples

Tools for Complex Projects-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Complex Projects. Answer: Introduction Project process planning and control in most situations sees engineering encountering complication while managing a project. Any seasoned engineer will know that every project carries with it an 80% chance of encountering a complexity. The complexity is likely to slow a project and require the engineers to develop innovative approaches, solutions, and tools to resolve the problem (Pollack and Remington 2012). For a seasoned engineer, this is what makes the engineering profession thrilling, since you are always encountering hurdles and developing solutions to resolve them delivers true satifaction. Definition of Complex Projects A Complex project is any process, procedure or project which encounters a complication or hurdle making is difficult to execute and complete. The nature, size or type of project does not limit it from being a complex project and complex projects can be found right from ones home to multimillion civil and mechanical engineering projects (Thamhain, 2013). The secret behind these projects is being able to anticipate and resolve the problems without encountering serious delays or even halting the entire project. To understand the versatility of a complex projects two examples shall be discussed below which a better understanding will related to the definitions of complex projects. Household Complex Project Terrace Leaks Many top floor apartments will begin experiencing water seepage and leaks as the building grows older. This is directly related to the roof slab developing cracks over time which allows water to seep into the apartment. Sadly many apartment owners will face major complications related to stopping this water seepage and this will have a direct negative effect on the property value. The situation is even worse if the water seepage finds its way in to the electrical wiring pipes can cause shot circuits within the terrace (Vokey, 2012). Removal of the terrace is not an option and laying additional layers of concrete is not effective resulting in a complex and unresolvable problem for the home owner. Complex Industrial Projects Oil and gas have become a basic energy source most people depend on globally. To reduce and lower transportation costs oil companies lay under-water pipelines to transport the oil and gas. Earthquakes and other natural forces will sometimes damage the pipeline resulting in a serious problem. These are classified as being among the most complex industrial projects due to the nature and location of the pipelines which need maintaince (Wang, Cao, Luan and Zhang 2008). Engineers are forced to work under water using specializes tools and will face serious limitations which hamper the projects. Mapping Project Complexity Complex project surround us in our daily lives making it important to be prepared for such incidents and retain an open and cool mind towards resolving the complication. Only by remaining open minded towards the projects complications can any individual or engineer be able to devise solutions to the problem. Once a problem has been encountered the first step linked to finding a solution is mapping the problem and its complexity. This allows the engineer to understand the extent of the problem thus allowing them to consider approaches to resolve the problem. Mapping the complexity is critical towards understanding the problem and tracing it back to its origin or cause (Gransberg, Shane, Strong and Puerto 2012). This is important as is helps resolve the problem from its source thus preventing such a problem from developing again in future. For an engineer simply replacing a broken part is not the solution but understanding why the part was compromised in the first place allows the engi neer to first resolve the trigger than replacing the broken part which ensures smooth and undisturbed operations. Always look beyond the broken part to understand what causes the part to break in the first place. In some situations, this could be directed identifiable and in other situation requires additional intuition but this is the train a project engineer must have to tackle complex projects and achieve success. Complex Project Tool Development Every project will require certain tools to be used on the project making it important for the engineer to know all available tools so and how they are used so as to utilize them on a project. Tools used on projects are not necessarily limited to hardware used on the project but also include computers, software, robots and another specialized tool (Brinkkemper 1996) An engineer should be able to understand the problem and request for or design a tool to be used on the complex project. Analysis of the Problem The first steel linked to complex project tool development is being able to understand the problem and its causes. This requires the engineer to analysis and studies the problem closely and devises an approach linked to resolving it. Tool Design and Development The Tool development process involved the designing of a new tool or redesigning of existing tools to fix the problem. This could involve using conventional tools, computers as well as robots to handle a scenario (Selby, Treffinger, Isaksen, and Lauer, 2004) There is no limitation related to complex project tool development but in most situations, this tool will be a prototype which would continue being used on the project. Tool Redesign and Refinement Over time the tool will also continue to be redesigned and modified to improve its performance and ability to resolve even more complex problem scenario which may be encounter on the project. Most projects are long terms thus the tools used for each project will continue being utilized throughout the duration of the project. Staff and Engineer Tool Use Training Projects which have long term duration will also require the senior engineer to train staff on how to use the tools developed specifically for the project. This frees the engineer to focus on other areas of the project which may require his attention and would allow the staff and personnel to utilize the tool to resolve the complex problems they encounter on the project. Project problems are only classified as complex when they are new, recurring because not identified and no permanent solution identified (Corbridge, Rugg, Major, Shadbolt and Burton 1994). Once solutions and tools have been designed and developed to resolve the complex problem the issues are classified as just a problem since a solution to resolve it has been identified. Conclusion Process Planning, Control, and effective management require for every engineer to analysis a problem without focusing on its complexity so as to develop an effective solution to the problem. Every project is expected to experience some major complication which would require for tools to be developed to resolve the complex problem. Having the knowledge and experience to utilize computers, software and existing hardware to develop tools to resolve the complex problem are what certifies engineers as a qualified, experienced and capable professional capable of handling even complex projects. References Corbridge, C., Rugg, G., Major, N.P., Shadbolt, N.R. and Burton, A.M., 1994. Laddering: technique and tool use in knowledge acquisition. Knowledge Acquisition, 6(3), pp.315-341. Pollack, J. and Remington, K., 2012. Tools for complex projects. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Selby, E.C., Treffinger, D.J., Isaksen, S.G. and Lauer, K.J., 2004. Defining and Assessing Problem?Solving Style: Design and Development of a New Tool. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 38(4), pp.221-243. Thamhain, H., 2013. Managing risks in complex projects. Project Management Journal, 44(2), pp.20-35. Vokey, D.E., Detec Systems Llc, 2012. Method and apparatus to detect and locate roof leaks. U.S. Patent 8,319,508. Wang, Z., Cao, Q., Luan, N. and Zhang, L., 2008, April. Development of new pipeline maintenance system for repairing early-built offshore oil pipelines. In Industrial Technology, 2008. ICIT 2008. IEEE International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

Parliamentary Sovereignty free essay sample

When we talk about Parliament and parliamentary sovereignty what exactly do we mean? Firstly we must take the word Parliament to mean not the actual Houses of Parliament themselves but instead the Acts passed by Parliament with the consent of the Commons, Lords and the Queen. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty is about the relationship between those who create the Acts (Parliament) and those who must apply them (courts). The argument we find ourselves trying to answer is who in fact has the supreme power? Is it the law makers or those who must apply the law? To present an analogy of the problem we could ask who has supreme power in a game of football or rugby. Is it the governing body who make the rules or is it the referee who must apply the rules in each game using his discretion as each situation occurs. The analogy may seem crude but judges find themselves in the exact position of referees. We will write a custom essay sample on Parliamentary Sovereignty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The question therefore remains, who is supreme? When Dicey published The Law of the Constitution in 1885 he identified parliamentary sovereignty as meaning that, Parliament has, under the English constitution, the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament. To look at this much quoted statement in more detail we can find a lot of evidence to support his view. It has been shown over the years that courts are totally unwilling to question the legitimacy of statutes unless there is some question as to them not being passed using the correct procedure. As long as an Act has passed through both Houses and received the Royal Assent judges will not argue whether or not a statute should or should not exist but will merely try to apply the statute. One of many examples of this is the case of Edinburgh Dalkeith Railway Co. v Wauchope (1842) 8 Cl F 710. In this case a man was appealing to the court against a private Act obtained by the railway company as it adversely affected him. The court however would have nothing to do with it and Lord Campbell pronounced, all that a court of justice can do is to look at the Parliamentary roll: if from that it should appear that a bill has passed both houses and received the Royal Assent, no court of justice can inquire into the mode in which it was introduced into Parliament, what was done to it previously being introduced, or what passed in Parliament during the various stages of its progress through both houses of Parliament. From this t is quite clear that courts will obey statutes as long as they are passed correctly but that ordinary courts have no jurisdiction, nor are they willing, to enquire into issues concerning the internal affairs of Parliament. This is known as the enrolled Act rule. It was again shown in the case of Ex Parte Canon Selwyn (1872) J. P. 54. and also was emphasised over a hundred years later in the case of Pickin v British Railways Board [1974] AC 763. This again concerned the plaintiff arguin g over the validity of a private Railways Act. Lord Reid reiterated the words of Lord Campbell in Edinburgh Dalkeith and stated in judgement, For a century or more both Parliament and the courts have been careful not to act so as to cause conflict between them. Any such investigations as the respondent seeks could easily lead to such a conflict, and I would only support it if compelled by clear authority. But it appears to me that the whole trend of authority for over a century is clearly against permitting any such investigation. Once again this shows the courts unwillingness to question the validity of an Act. Lord Morris also said in this case, It is the function of the courts to administer the laws which Parliament has enacted. In the process of Parliament there will be much consideration whether a bill should or should not in one form or another become an enactment. When an enactment is passed there is finality unless and until it is amended or repealed by Parliament. In the courts there may be argument as to the correct interpretation of the enactment: there must be none as to whether it should be on the statute book at all. Courts, it seems, may not even question an Act if it is contrary to international law. This was clearly demonstrated in the case of Cheyney v Conn [1968] 1 All ER 779. Here it was claimed that money from tax given under the Finance Act 1964 would be used in a way contrary to international law. The court however decided that it was not their duty to say whether the contents of the Act were just, merely it was their job to apply the Act, irrespective of fairness or j ustice. A similar case was that of R v Jordan [1967] Crim L. R. 483. This was an appeal against the Race Relations Act 1965 on the grounds that it was an infringement on freedom of speech. Again this failed as the judges were unwilling to question the validity of the Act. One final case which is worth mentioning is that of Manuel v AG [1982] 3 All ER 786,822. Here Canadian Indian chiefs tried to declare the Canada Act 1982 invalid. They argued that although it claimed to have consulted the people of Canada it had not consulted them and therefore should not have been passed. The Court of Appeal held that there was nothing they could do once the Act was passed, it was too late. Megarry V-C said that, the duty of the court is to obey and apply every Act of Parliament, and the court cannot hold any such Act to be ultra vires. This would suggest that the courts will not get involved even if Parliament has not done all it should have done in passing an Act. As long as the necessary assents have been given, or even appear to have been given, the courts will not investigate matters further. From all this it is apparent that the courts and parliament both realise that they have specific jobs to do and prefer to get on with doing those jobs. Neither like to try to interfere with what the other is doing. Courts see their role, to go back to the sporting analogy, as being referees who must apply the rules. However they do not question the validity or logic of such rules, not publicly anyway. If, for example, the government passed a rule to say that no house in England would be allowed a garden shed then the courts would obey such a rule, however futile it may be or whatever international laws it may break. Their job is not to question, merely to apply. I will look at this role more closely towards the end of the essay. It has therefore been established that Diceys doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty is, in theory, true. Parliament, it seems, can make or unmake any law it wishes and no person or body can set aside or override such legislation. However whether this is actually true in practice remains to be seen. Although UK courts are bound to obey UK statutes regardless of how fair, just or practical they are, judges do have a certain flexibility in interpreting them. It is their job not only to apply the statutes but also to give their interpretation as to what parliament hoped to achieve by such a statute. They may interpret a statute strictly if they feel this is necessary, or if it is worded in such a way that makes ambiguity impossible, or they may allow a statute a wide interpretation, often as they may feel strict application may not be just in a specific case. Judges may very possibly interpret a statute to mean one thing in one case and something completely opposite in another case but at all times must remember their duty to act lawfully. In his book Constitutional and Administrative Law John Alder gives the example of a judge who interpreted a statute imposing a prison sentence as authorising hanging would simply be acting unlawfully. What the judge may do is use his discretion as to the length of the prison sentence but not as to alternative punishments. Going back to the sporting analogy if a footballer wastes time over a throw-in the referee may warn him, give a throw-in or free kick to the opposite side and/or give the offending player a yellow card. However the referee is not authorised to send the player off in a situation such as this and in doing so he would be acting unlawfully and would be subject to disciplinary charges from the governing body. So we see that judges although allowed to offer their own, sometimes biased, interpretation they may not act outside the laws laid down by Parliament. Often the power given to judges to interpret statutes can work in favour of Parliament. It is obviously difficult for Parliament to foresee all situations that may arise when they formulate an Act. In view of this it is often useful for Parliament to word Acts in such an ambiguous way that they can be given a wide interpretation by judges according to the different circumstances of each incident that may arise. In his article The Sovereignty of Parliament-in Perpetuity? A. W. Bradley points out, once the political decision has been taken to make a change in social or economic policy, and this decision has been expressed in legislation, it is for the judges to decide authoritatively on the extent of the new rights and duties which that legislation creates. In this respect, the courts have an essential part to play in ensuring the government is conducted according to law. What Bradley is saying here is that the creation of new legislation is almost a joint venture between Parliament and the courts. Parliament, to use another analogy, lay the foundations of the building and construct the basic brickwork and it is left to the courts to finish off the finer details and provide the fixtures and fittings. This seems to me to be a just way of making and applying the law. Although courts are not authorised to set aside primary legislation they can do so with delegated legislation. One of the reasons for enacting delegated legislation is that it saves Parliament time and allows for a change in such rules quickly and without going through the complex parliamentary process. Courts are allowed to challenge delegated legislation as ultra vires if it exceeds the scope of authority confirmed by primary legislation or if the correct procedures have not been followed. In the case of Hoffman La Roche v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [1974] 2 All ER 1128 Lord Diplock said, in constitutional law a clear distinction can be drawn between an Act of Parliament and subordinate legislation I entertain no doubt that the courts have jurisdiction to declare [subordinate legislation] to be invalid if they are satisfied that in making it the minister who did so acted out with the legislative powers conferred on him ; and this is so whether the order is ultra vires by reason of its contents (patent defects) or by reason of defects in the procedure followed prior to it being made (latent defects) This trust placed in the courts by Parliament clearly shows the importance placed in the courts concerning legislative matters. Finally I feel it necessary to give a brief mention to the question of Europe on this matter. Since England joined the European Community in 1972 there have been a number of cases in which English statutes have conflicted with those from Europe. In these cases the judges have once again used their powers of interpretation and have often construed an English statute to confirm with an EC statute. For the most part English judges have no wish to clash with the Europeans and so try to pass judgement accordingly. The cases of Garland v British Rail Engineering Ltd [1983] 2 AC 751 and Pickstone v Freemans plc AC 66 show clearly how judges apply a purposive interpretation to English statutes to make them conform. It is unclear however what would happen if Parliament enacted a statute in direct conflict to European laws. Although this is unlikely to happen on political grounds it seems English judges would be bound to apply a conflicting UK statute irrespective of European laws. Therefore to conclude it would seem that Parliamentary sovereignty is not a question of being more about the courts than about Parliament, or vice versa, it is about the two bodies working together to try and apply the law fairly. It is true however that when we talk about Parliamentary sovereignty we are not talking about Parliament having complete control as the courts do hold a certain amount of power. I have shown the powers they have in interpreting statutes and their vital importance in the application of law. It would be completely wrong to think that the judicial system is a puppet under the operation of Parliament as this puppet, as I have shown, has very much a mind of its own. Whether the courts should have more or less power is a difficult question. If they had less power we might be in danger of losing the flexibility in our judicial system, if they had more, i. e. they could override statutes, we may be faced with great inconsistencies. It seems that English courts whilst being allowed a certain amount of flexibility are still ultimately answerable to Parliament, however this seems to be more through choice than obligation.

A Lantern in her Hand essays

A Lantern in her Hand essays Abby and Will Deal and their son Mack moved from their long-time home in Blackhawk County to their new prarie home in Platsmouth, Nebraska. At their new home the prairies rolled on for as far as the eye could see. Whip-like grass, that was waist high, waved across the prairie like a rolling ocean. The sounds of coyotes and wolves rang all arround you like music. The dirt was as black and rich as oil, quite ideal for farming. The little soddie (a house made from sod) was a nice temporary home for the family. It was made from strips of sod that Will cut from the ground himself, and then was covered by a thick layer of mud. The furniture in side the house was also made of sod, and then covered with quilts. There was a little, shallow river that ran by their home. That is where Abby got the water from until Will could get the well dug. It sounds On conflict that happens early in the book is when Abbys mother loses her mansion. Well let me begin form the beginning of the conflict. Abbys dad came from a very welthy family, and her mom came from a phesent family. Her mom was a beautiful Irish peasant. They fell in love and his family had to learn to accept that peasant which their son had fell in love with. His family never accepted the idea that their son had fallen in love with and peasant. when his parents died they left the mansion to abbeys father. a short while before Abby was born her dad took a pleasure trip to New York, and signed a paper for a man and lost everything back in Scotland. Abbys mother tried to get their horses but had to bid on everything that they got out of the house. so therefore her poor mother and grandmother had to come up with money they didnt have, so that Abbys mother could get some memmories of their past life. The message that the author is trying to get across to the reader is th ...

Acesite Corporation vs. Nlrc

* Gonzales took several leaves (sick leave, emergency leave, and vacation leave), thereby using up all leaves that he was entitled for the year. * Before the expiration of his 12-day vacation leave, Gonzales filed an application for emergency leave for 10 days commencing on April 30 up to May 13, 1998. The application was not, however, approved. * He received a telegram informing him of the disapproval and asking him to report back for work on April 30, 1998. However Gonzales did not report for work on the said date. * On May 5, 1998, Acesite sent him a final telegram in his provincial address containing in order for Gonzales to report back to work. * Gonzales, who claims to have received the May 5, 1998 telegram only in the afternoon of May 7, 1998, immediately repaired back to Manila on May 8, 1998 only to be â€Å"humiliatingly and ignominiously barred by the guard (a subordinate of [Gonzales]) from entering the premises. * It appears that on May 7, 1998, the issued notice of termination was thru an inter-office memo. * Gonzales thus filed on May 27, 1998 a complaint against Acesite for illegal dismissal with prayer for reinstatement and payment of full backwages, etc. * Acesite claims, Gonzales â€Å"showed no respect for the lawful orders for him to report back to work and repeatedly ignored all telegrams sent to him,† and it merely exercised its legal right to dismiss him under the House Code of Discipline. LA – the c omplaint for lack of merit, its holding that Gonzales was dismissed for just cause and was not denied of due process. * NLRC – reversed that of the Labor Arbiter. * CA – finding that Gonzales was illegally dismissed, affirmed with modification the NLRC decision. Issue: * WON Gonzales was legally dismissed for just cause. Held: * No. there appears to have been no just cause to dismiss Gonzales from employment. As correctly ruled by the Court of Appeals, Gonzales cannot be considered to have willfully disobeyed his employer. Willful disobedience entails the concurrence of at least two (2) requisites: the employee’s assailed conduct has been willful or intentional, the willfulness being characterized by a â€Å"wrongful and perverse attitude;† and the order violated must have been reasonable, lawful, made known to the employee and must pertain to the duties which he had been engaged to discharge. In Gonzales’ case, his assailed conduct has not been shown to have been characterized by a perverse attitude, hence, the first requisite is wanting. His receipt of the telegram disapproving his application for emergency leave starting April 30, 1998 has not been shown. And it cannot be said that he disobeyed the May 5, 1998 telegram since he received it only on May 7, 1998. On the contrary, that he immediately hied back to Manila upon receipt thereof negates a perverse attitude.

Common Inspection Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Common Inspection Framework - Essay Example In conclusion and summary I will suggest how this framework has helped improve or consolidate standards within the educational system and what other features could be incorporated within the framework for future improvement of educational standards. In the process I will discuss whether the framework is essentially a hindrance or is an asset to the educational system. Policy- Common Inspection Framework: The Common Inspection Framework has been introduced by the government and department of education to check and improve the quality and standards of education and to provide insights on the educational system in matters related to training and financial resources. Inspection of educational system helps to understand how the system is working and is almost essential for providing regular appraisals of workings and functioning of the system. According to the Common Inspection Framework, the main purposes of inspection are to: (from Common Inspection Framework, ALI and Ofsted, 2001) - give an independent public account of the quality of education and training, the standards achieved and the efficiency with which resources are managed - help bring about improvement by identifying strengths and weaknesses and highlighting good practice - keep the Secretary of State, the Learning and Skills Council for England and the Employment Service informed about the quality and standards of education and training - promote a culture of self-assessment among providers, leading to continuous improvement or maintenance of very high quality and standards. (from Common Inspection Framework, ALI and Ofsted, 2001) The three main purposes of inspection are thus to give an account of... This discussion stresses that the policy and its establishment, the connections of the policy with college education and the brief literature review that should be aimed during the search process for this article are discussed in the introductory stage of the analysis. The policy is then described and the changes made to date as well as the policy as it now stands are considered in the initial part of the discussion showing how the policy differs at present from its original version. The differences within the policy as seen in its earlier version and present version are studied to provide a better understanding of the meaning and influence of all aspects of the policy within education.From this paper it is clear that the three main purposes of inspection are thus to give an account of the quality of education followed, to identify strengths and weaknesses of educational systems and show room for improvement, and to promote self assessment and higher standards within the educational settings. Inspection seem to be generally associated with the results of what has been evaluated and how the findings are presented and also hw inspections are carried out. The key questions delineated by the Common Inspection Framework are the following.  The Common Inspection Framework helps in evaluating how efficient or effective the provisions and related services are in meeting all of learner’s needs and also suggests the steps that have to be taken to improve the learning provisions provided.  

Skull identitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skull identitation - Essay Example In addition, the observed physical characteristics on the frontal view and the profile views were also taken into consideration. For instance, the jaws and other features present in these different skulls. This skull exhibits large supraorbital height index of approximately71 uv/tv. This almost matches the supraorbital size of Australopithecus africanus skull and Neanderthal skulls that are 70uv/tv and 70uv/tv respectively. An analysis on the nuchal ridge area was also taken it had a height of 39tw/tv. A comparison was then drawn with regard to the known varieties; there was closeness with the nuchal skull of Australopithecus africanus and Neanderthal that had a nuchal area of 38tw/tv and 37tw/tv respectively. A further measurement was done on the condylar position on the skull. It was found out that the condylar position index was 44xy/xz. When this was compared with known varieties of skulls; there was an exact match with the condylar index of Australopithecus africanus that was also 44xy/xz. To ascertain the identity of this skull, a further analysis was done and the physical characteristics of the skull and different traits were observed. The canine teeth were relatively smaller and the shape of the jaw was fully parabolic. These characteristic were shared with the skull of Australopithecus africanus. In general, this skull is possibly a skull of Australopithecus africanus The results revealed that the supraorbital height index of this skull is 66uv/tv which was relatively smaller compared to the first skull (Elbroch, 2006). Although, this exactly matches supraorbital size of Homo sapiens skull that is also 66uv/tv. Another study on the nuchal area height was also conducted and gave a height of 18tw/tv. It was observed that it was also smaller in size compared to that of the first skull but was closer to that of Australopithecus robustus. A

Niccolo Machiavelli Essay Example for Free

Niccolo Machiavelli Essay Niccolo Machiavelli was a political philosopher of the Renaissance. He lived from 1496-1527. Niccolo Machiavelli was also a very famous painter in his time. He painted many famous paintings that are seen in museums, books, and many other places. He was also involved in government throughout his life. Niccolo Machiavelli was a painter, political philosopher, Italian historian, an statesman for influenced many political leaders in Europe. Niccolo Machiavelli led a very political life. In 1494, Niccolo Machiavelli became an important diplomat. He spent most of his time over the years writing history, political philosophy, and plays. The Renaissance was a time of political conflict. Niccolo took part in diplomatic missions through France, Germany, and Italy. In later years, he was forced to retirement of the political business. Machiavelli was known as the â€Å"father of modern political theory†. Niccolo Machiavelli had many political writings. Many of Machiavelli’s writings reflected political issues. He wrote about the world around him and his life in the Renaissance. He witnessed many changes in the environment and wrote about them. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote one political treatise titled The Prince. The Prince was written during a time of tragedy in the Renaissance. Many things Machiavelli wrote about had to deal with politics and violence. The Prince was written in 1513. Although it was written then, it was published however until 1532 and Machiavelli’s death. The theme of this book is about preservation of authority and the establishment of it. Because of The Prince, Machiavelli is considered one of the greatest early modern analyzers of the political power. In 1498, Machiavelli served as a civil servant in Florence. Later in 1512, Machiavelli was imprisoned and the republic failed. Machiavelli had many jobs over his lifetime. He was the head of the second chancery in 1498. Niccolo was also the secretary of council and he studied political tactics. He also studied the strength of a nation with only one prince. In 1509, Machiavelli led a small army to free Pisa. Later in his life, for 5 years he worked as a historiographer. Niccolo Machiavelli had hard times in his life. He lost his place in politics and very much wanted it back. When he wrote The Prince, he wrote it to try and regain favoritism by Medici. In the end, Medici didn’t agree with what Machiavelli said in The Prince and ended up rejecting Machiavelli’s proposal to have that job back. Machiavelli also wrote a book titled â€Å"Discourses On Livy†. The book was on Machiavelli’s full political philosophy. Niccolo also wrote a biography on the Life of Castruccio Castracani. He wrote many plays and also many poems. His most famous poem was The Mandrake. The Mandrake was written in 1524. Machiavelli also wrote the History of Florence in 1525. The History of Florence tells about chronicles of the city. Machiavelli also wrote the Art of the War in 1521. That book describes mercenary troops and their lives. Niccolo Machiavelli was a very productive leader. Over all of his tragedies that happened in his life, he still overcame all of it. He worked very hard producing plays that have become very famous over the years. He wrote The Prince, which is a very well populated piece today. Not only did Machiavelli produce plays but he also wrote poems and biographies for people. Many of his quotes that he resighted in The Prince are still remembered today and used greatly. He was also a very significant political leader and went very far in government.

The It Girl - Clara Bow :: essays research papers

The It Girl – Clara Bow   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine it – all the rules you were raised to follow, all the beliefs and norms, everything conventional, shattered. Now imagine It – Clara Bow, the It Girl. The epitome of the avant-garde woman, the archetype of the flapper, was America’s new, young movie actress of the 1920’s. Modern women of the day took heed to Bow’s fresh style and, in turn, yielded danger to the conventional America. Yet Bow’s contagious and popular attitude came with its weaknesses - dealing with fame and the motion picture industry in the 1920’s. Despite this ultimate downfall, Clara’s flair reformed the youth and motion pictures of her time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dubbed by Fitzgerald as â€Å"the quintessence of what the term ‘flapper’ signifies,† Clara Bow served as the model for all flappers. A flapper was the new woman; attractive, sassy, â€Å"worldly-wise, and briefly clad.† The flapper took on an impish and tomboyish, at lead for their time, attitude. They danced on tables, rendering the recklessness of the new youth. But modern women proved to be a danger for the conventionalism of America. They influenced the change on women’s rights, what was considered moral, and what was considered appropriate for women. These issues had previously been for making a timid woman; upon the coming of the modern woman, these issues made for a modernist female.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clara Bow’s fame did not leave her nature tainted, in a sense. She did not become spoiled or uppity. She remained rather self-less and ignorant to fame and those in its power. Her impudent attitude never faltered; she continued to live as the â€Å"chewing-gum-smacking eight-grade drop-out kid,† unaware of convention. Hey psychological welfare, though, was greatly affected. She was institutionalized, slit her wrists and throat, and eventually became the embodiment of an actress-gone-bad; booze, men, gambling, drugs, and insomnia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clara’s experience with the motion picture industry gives us a picture of what it was like in the 1920’s. It was new and intriguing, enticing and corrupt. The motion picture industry underpaid Bow, which is almost inconceivable today. The environment of Hollywood now pays actors and actresses corpulent amounts of money...but that may be the only change. The â€Å"star-maker† environment is still as enticing and corrupt as yesterday’s.

Steve Jobs Leadership Style

Steven Jobs Leadership Style Steven Jobs is a successful strategic leader and the co-founder of Apple Inc. Jobs spent six months at Reed College in Portland, OR before dropping out and spending 18 months dropping in on creative classes. In 1974 he took a job as a technician at Atari Inc. , then left to travel to India in search of spiritual enlightenment. The â€Å"Apple Computer Company† was then formed in 1976. He made great impacts on leading Apple Inc. to become one of the most successful companies in the world. Jobs was fired from Apple in 1985 and founded NeXT Inc. ithin the same year. Jobs purchased The Graphics Group in 1986, which was later renamed Pixar. Disney purchased Pixar in 1996, and Jobs received 7% of Disney shares. In 1996, Apple purchased NeXT for $427 million. Upon the sale of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple, becoming the interim CEO, which eventually led to his actual chair of CEO. In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple but remained with the company a s chairman of the company’s board. Jobs died at his home in California on October 5, 2011 due to complications from heart attack caused by complications from pancreatic cancer essay writer magic.According to Fortune Magazine, Steve Jobs was â€Å"considered one of Silicon Valley’s leading egomaniacs. † Jobs also made Fortune’s list of America’s toughest bosses referring to his leadership at NeXT. The cofounder of NeXT, Dan’l Lewin, stated, â€Å"The highs were unbelievable†¦But the lows were unimaginable buy essay online reviews. † There are many words to describe Steve Jobs more aggressive side. He was described as willful, driven, aggressive, and stubborn. The late CEO of Apple also seemed hypocritical. He would make fun of someone’s ideas one day and claim them as his own ideas the next day.Many people that worked around him claimed that Jobs created an uncomfortable work environment. Described as immature, stubborn, an d impatient, Jobs did not seem easy to work with. His leadership style was demanding, tense, and aggressive. Although Jobs did not seem like a boss that anyone would want to work for in the office, he seemed to have a better understanding for what the general public wanted. He had a passion for innovation. Cofounding Apple, NeXT, and buying the Graphic Group of Lucasfilms (later name Pixar) Steve Jobs believed highly in innovation.He understood the power of cultural leadership or what the people wanted and where the world was heading. His vision created a company where people were motivated to make great products. Jobs once said, ‘’There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. ‘I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been. ‘ And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very very beginning. And we always will. ’’ Overall, the leadership style of Steve Jobs was not well liked by the people he worked with. The results of his companies, however, inspired people in the office and people around the world.He was a very proven leader. Even though many might say that he was too intense and hard to deal with, it is hard to say that he was not a good leader. Apple is one of the most profitable companies in the world because of his direction and leadership. Although Jobs had many accomplishments, there are 10 that highlight his career. In 1976, Apple I, the original Apple personal computer, was created. In 1977, Apple II was created and designed to look less like a piece of electronic equipment and more like a home appliance.In 1983, the Apple Lisa was created with a price tag of $10,000. In 1984, the Macintosh was launched during a TV commercial that aired during the Super Bowl. In 1989, NeXT was founded by Steve Jobs and later purchased by Apple in 1996. In 1998, the iMac, as desktop built by Apple, was created. In 2001, the iPod was released and changed how people consume music, and there are now seve ral different models. In 2003, the iTunes Store made its debut. In 2007, the iPhone, an Internet and multimedia-enabled smartphone, was released and there are now 5 generations of the device.In 2010, the iPad tablet computer was created and changed the way electronics can travel. As of November 2012, Apple Inc. had 394 retail stores in 14 countries. Apple made $156 billion on its worldwide annual revenue in 2012, and it has an estimated value of $414 billion as of January 2013. Through Apple, Jobs was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution. Steven Jobs has been referred to as â€Å"Legend† and described as the â€Å"Father of the Digital Revolution. † Jobs is one of the main reasons technology is what it is today.   

Formal Lab Report Format

Formal Lab Report Format A properly written formal lab report in CHEM 123L consists of the following sections: Cover Page ? Give your experiment a good, descriptive title ? Include the date, your name, ID#, TA’s name and partner’s name and section # Introduction and / or Purpose ? Introduce the background material your reader will need to understand the experiment and all parts of your report. ? Summarize the underlying theory of the experiment and any equations you will use. ? Identify the purpose of the experiment; what you are trying to accomplish or prove? Experimental Procedure ? If the procedure in the lab manual was followed exactly, it is sufficient to state the following: â€Å"The experimental procedure used for this experiment was outlined in the CHEM 123L lab manual, Experiment #1. All steps were followed without deviation. â€Å") You must include your lab manual in your reference section if you use this technique. ? If the procedure in the lab manual was not followed exactly, you must explain what was done differently. ? Marks are not assigned for the procedure, but will be deducted if you do not include it in your report. Experimental Observations ? Present all experimental observations; what did you see / hear / feel happening as the experiment was proceeding? ? Enter original observations such as weights, volumes, temperatures etc. with units. ? Tabulate experimental data (ie, present your data in a table) whenever possible, this helps the reader quickly compare your data. Include appropriate table titles, labels and units. ? In some lab reports the observations may be incorporated into the results section. Results & Calculations ? Show one sample calculation to illustrate how each type of calculation was performed. Use appropriate units and significant figures. ? Tabulate calculated results, whenever possible. Tables must have appropriate titles, labels and proper units. ? Refer to Appendix B: Data Analysis, for information on plotting experimental data. Discussion ? Generally describe what was done and what was accomplished in the lab. What concepts or ideas did the experiment prove, show, reinforce, etc ? Compare experimental results with values found in the literature (if any). If your values do not agree with literature values, discuss why this may be. ? Briefly discuss possible sources of observed errors. If your results are erroneous, explain what was done wrong in the experiment that may account for the observed results. (Note that this is not a discussion of every possible error that may or may not have occurred! ) Questions ? Answer all questions given in the lab manual in a separate section within your report, unless you are instructed otherwise. Conclusions ? Restate purpose and/or objectives of the experiment and give conclusions as to whether or not they were achieved. ? State all experimental findings regarding unknowns ? Comments regarding the effectiveness or reliability of experimental methods can be made here as well References ? List any books or articles that were used in writing the lab report (including those used to answer questions) in alphabetical order by author(s) or editor(s) name. Include full reference information for each source. ? Always cite references within the body of your lab report. The preferred citation style for Chem 123L is to use the authors name and date of publication in parentheses, for example: Chem 123L students are typically bright and inquisitive. (Kramer, 1999) ? Once again, marks are generally not assigned for the references, but will be deducted if you do not include them in your report. Clarity and Understanding ? A mark will be assigned for overall clarity and understanding of the experiment. Have you presented your findings in a way that proves you understand what you did and why? ? Marks will be awarded for neatness and organization. Don’t make it difficult for your TA to mark your report!

Bibliography of Famous Authors Essay Essay Example

Bibliography of Famous Authors Essay Essay Example Bibliography of Famous Authors Essay Essay Bibliography of Famous Authors Essay Essay In this article by Robert Scholes. it talks about the hope and memory in My Antonia. He says the characters find themselves by looking back at the yesteryear. He said â€Å"we are reminded of this past constantly: by the Bohemian imposts and culinary patterns of the Shimerdas ; by the observations of Otto Fuch on the relationship of Austrians and Bohemians I the old state ; and particularly by the Catholic faith of the Bohemians. which is their strongest nexus with the yesteryear. and which serves to adhere them together and to divide them from the Protestant society of their adopted and†¦Antonia cherishes her connexion with the past† it talks about the characters and their yesteryear and how it has impacted their lives. I will utilize this to bind back into my thesis because this is fundamentally what my whole paper is approximately. My paper based on the character’s yesteryear and how it impacts them subsequently in life. The article talks a batch of the past memories that I can utilize in my research paper. Lucenti. Lisa Marie. â€Å"Willa Cathers My Antonia: Haunting the Houses of Memory. † Twentieth Century Literature 46 ( 2000 ) : Literary Reference Center. Galileo. MPHS Library. 18 April 2011 ( # 33 a work from an on-line service to which your library subscribes ) This article analyzes My Antonia and it’s subject of memory and how it haunts some of the characters. It talks about the narrative of the wolves and how its haunted Peter and Pavel and how that brings Gothic to the narrative. It besides tells why Cather included some of the memories that she did in the novel. It tells the importance of those memories to the characters. I will speak about the memories it references and how they are of import to the narrative and to the characters lives. Their yesteryear is what makes them who they are and it is of import to advert why they are so of import to them. This article analyzes the subject and I can utilize some of that information to assist with my statement. Meeker. Joseph W. â€Å"Willa Cather: The Plow and The Pen† Willa Cather’s Ecological Imagination. Ed. Susan Rosowski. Volume 5. Lincoln: Uracil of Nebraska. 1986. ( # 18 a choice from an anthropology ) In this article. Meeker negotiations about the symbols mentioned in Cather’s novels. It talks about the plough and the landscape in My Antonia. It besides talks about how some of the symbols represent the yesteryear. The article mentioned imagination throughout the novel and how the Nebraska fields had an impact on Jim. It besides mentioned some of the imagination in O Pioneers! and other novels by Cather. I will utilize the information to assist back up my thesis on the symbols and subject and how it impacts the characters in the novel. In the article when it talks about the land and how it ties back to the yesteryear. I will utilize that to assist my thesis. It has really good item on everything represented in the novel and it will assist me develop my paragraphs on symbolism. Gross. Jonathan D. â€Å"Recollecting Emotion in Tranquility: Wordsworth and Byron in Cather’s My Antonia and Lucy Gayheart† Cather Studies 7 ( 2007 ) : Literary Reference Center. Galileo. MPHS Library 18 April 2011 ( # 33 a work from an on-line service to which your library subscribes ) This article compares My Antonia with novels from Wordsworth and Byron. They all portion similar qualities in their Hagiographas. In this article it talks about subject and symbols in My Antonia. In both My Antonia and in â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey† . they talk about the subject of nature and how it impacts the characters. This whole article compares My Antonia to other plants by Cather. Wordsworth. and Byron. I will utilize the information about the subject of nature and symbols mentioned in the article. There’s non a whole batch I can utilize on My Antonia but it has good information about subject and symbols throughout out the novel. It talks about how Cather focused on landscape and sensitiveness of the reader to associate the yesteryear. Hallgarth. Susan A. â€Å"Archetypal Patterns in Shadows on the Rock† . Colby Quarterly 24 ( 1988 ) : 2-4. ( # 22 An article in a diary with uninterrupted folio throughout the one-year volume ) In this article. it talks about symbols and how they represent something in the novel. It talks about how shadows are a perennial form in My Antonia and how Antonia interrupting off from her female parent is a symbol of her traveling through a new beginning. It compared symbols in My Antonia to some in Death Comes for the Archbishop and how they relate to one another. In the article it says â€Å" Burden’s find of pastness in the present allows him to see Antonia as all the ‘image’ which do non melt and herself. a ‘battered woman’ ( MA. 352. 353 ) . So I will utilize that in the paragraph I will hold speaking about how the yesteryear still reminds him of Antonia because his childhood is fundamentally Antonia. All of his memories remind Jim of her because she is a large portion in his yesteryear.

New York Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New York Experience - Essay Example Starting with the sounds and smells that are a hallmark of summer vacations, the author moves on to the activities and experiences that can be expected to be a part of the summer vacation experiences in a big city. The friendliness and the bonhomie during vacation time are brought out well by the author. It is in its simplicity and the totality of the picture it presents that lie its strengths. These are very plausible experiences that children go through during summer vacations and it is these simple things that linger in the minds, even with the passage of time. It is easy for the reader to become a part of the article, as it contains experiences that are similar to what a reader would have had during the summer vacations as a child. One criticism that could be targeted at the article is the position of the third paragraph, which provides the details of the delights of hot dogs and ice creams consumed during vacation time. At the start of the article the author opens the door to the summer vacation experiences through the sounds and smells of foods that bring joy in summer, but then in the second paragraph digresses to frolic with icy cool water in summer. In the third paragraph, the author returns to food joys of summer. By interchanging the positions of the second and third paragraphs, the criticism of digressing in the article can be removed. The article is simple and there is clarity in what the author wishes to express. There are some places, where better use of English would have helped in making for easier understanding.

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Response paper - Essay Example The American citizens realize that the increased profit pressures are moving the press away from sensitive and controversial issues. These issues may critic on features of corporate America resulting to reduced sales. Thus, the media agendas receive direction from the government and business interests. The citizens are highly becoming aware that the media they are receiving is of lower quality filled with propaganda. The citizens also now understand that the media is a form of support or manipulation tool for the powerful. It also understands that the media consistently fails in its role of delivering true information to the masses. The distrust of media has grown quite extensively over the past five years in many American citizens (In Ward 2013 p. 67). Regulations limiting media products from entering a domestic market include import quotas, immigration rules, foreign ownership regulations, foreign exchange remittances and custom duties. This occurs to protect local industries from foreign competition. However, as times change the trade barriers undergo lessening in an effort to increase trade. If these barriers in the future receive lifting, the media products would flow freely between countries. This unlimited flow of entertainment and information would enhance media globalization. The transport of people and goods keeps improving. Over the years, it keeps getting affordable and reliable. These improvements will facilitate quick and easy transportation of media products to people across the world in the future. These improvements will facilitate growth of global media since the products will be easily accessible. Technology keeps evolving. It keeps reducing geographical distance while allowing for larger volumes of communication. With new developments, the speed of communication keeps increasing. Technology evolvements keep making communication and access of information easier and flexible. Thus, in the future these new

Robotic Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Robotic Technology - Essay Example The industry currently transforms the next generation to a machine based generation. Most countries will be influenced economically, socially and politically. Studies reveal America has not embraced the technology as compared to other countries like Japan and the Europe world. The country has taken a step in involving stakeholders to research on robotic technological advances in the country. The stakeholders include companies, laboratories, and universities. The purposes of the stakeholders are; one, look at the impact of the technology in the future development of the country economically, socially and on security needs of the country. Two, identify challenges linked with the technologically scientifically and technologically. Three, look at possible steps to be used to address the challenges. The credibility of the research was based on twelve world class researchers from robotic academic institutions. This report discusses the impact of robotic technology to the US manufacturing i ndustry. The country’s economy has faced several challenges and need vibrant ways that will strengthen it. The country has embarked on research about the new form of technology that will enhance economic growth. Technological advances are expensive but with proper programming and strategy leads to economic growth of a country. Revitalization of the manufacturing industry will probably trigger growth in several sectors of the economy. The sectors that will rely on robotic technology are media, IP companies, service and medical industry, home appliances, capital equipment, automotive industry, logistics and automation. Exponential growth of these sectors will probably spur the country’s economic growth. Research and education play key role in robotic technology. Executive Summary Transformation of the country today and tomorrow stands as a crucial agenda. Technological advances in computer have made great strides to the country. Despite the great strides, the quest for b etter technology still exists. America has lagged being robotic technology in comparison to the Europe world. The Europe and Asian world has enjoyed advances in this form of technology. The quest for adoption of robotic technology has advanced and triggered investment and formation of research based institutions. Adoption of robotic technology has increased human augmentation solutions and applications in critical sectors in relation to affordability and value. Robotic technology is facilitated by the productive aging population. The technology offers investment opportunities potential for creation of new jobs, increased productivity and safety for workers. These offers trigger economic growth in an era that needs security for services. Several workshops held set goals in spans of five years for implementation of robotic applications. Required technological advances required for robotic technology were identified as well as their potential. Medical robots have made significant progr ess in medicine world in the last decade. Several advantages are associated with operations done by robots. Operations like prostate cancer operations minimize invasive surgery that include small incisions, less time spent in hospital thereby reducing risks related to infection. Fast recovery is encouraged with few side effects. Quality care in health is improved. Periods taken in surgical operations from work are significant to economic benefits. Currently, the numbers of times robots are used in medical procedure are minimal. With advances in robotic technology, use of robots in medical world is likely to increase. Imaging facilities and feedback

Beowulf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Beowulf - Essay Example It is also evident in the way that he does not touch the treasures that he finds in beside the dead body of Grendel’s mother. This shows he is rich enough already, with his own wealth and the gifts that he receives for defeating the monsters, and not greedy in the way that a lesser warrior might be. Beowulf’s nobility is the kind that comes with breeding and character, and not the kind that comes with material wealth. Beowulf is ambitious because he sets off to fight an enemy that no one else has managed to defeat. He has a great belief in himself and his own powers, and this is an important quality for someone who leads others. He is undoubtedly very brave, because he tackles and kills Grendel with his bare hands. The scene with Grendel’s mother is very scary because of the monsters and the dark, slimy cave location, as well as the superhuman elements that surround the figure of Grendel. He is almost defeated, but does not give up, and grasps the strange sword with great courage. It is obvious that he is quite willing to sacrifice himself in the attempt to kill the monsters troubling the Scyldings. Beowulf is physically very strong. His hands are able to kill Grendel and wield the huge magic sword. This physical strength is a necessary quality for a Germanic hero because there was so much fighting and war in those days, and a hero had to be able to hold his own on the battle field. Beowulf is stronger and braver than everyone else, which makes him the ideal warrior hero. The quality of generosity is seen in the way that Beowulf takes the gifts he has received from Hrothgar for his feats of strength, and gives them all to his King Hygelac. The economy of the time was based on exchange of goods and services, and it was extremely important that subordinates show loyalty to their superiors. Beowulf is not obliged to give the treasures to the king, but he does so to demonstrate

Why Are Business Ethics Important?

Why Are Business Ethics Important? Nowadays for the company or the business man, making more money is not their only target because they should pay attention to other important issues .Therefore business ethics emerge as very significant for modern society and Modern Corporations. Further more, if they make decisions in business ethics, then these companies will have good reputations. This can be very helpful long-term. This essay focuses on how Apple company using business ethics and how Apple motivates their employees. In this essay, I have very clearly defined business ethics. Then it will talk about why business ethics and motivation are important. On the other hand, Motivation is a vital factor in an organizations success. It is defined as the energy that drives an individual to continue working on something. By developing motivation, the management is able to create a pool of workers who are passionate, hard working, ambitious, and committed not only to their jobs but also to the goals of the organization. Lastl y, motivation is encouraged by promoting needs such as pay, job security, interesting work environment, and healthy relationships among peers. This essay, which is composed of three parts: why business ethics and motivation are important, the literature review and some research of how Apple company using business ethics and how Apple motivates their employees. Why are business ethics important? Business ethics is currently a very prominent business topic, debates and dilemmas surrounding business ethics have attracted a lot of attention from various quarters. The only reason that business ethics is becoming more and more important and it has had a big impact on our communities. According to my research, there are many reasons why business ethics might be regarded as an increasingly important area of study. In summary, I can suggest the following reasons why a good understanding of business ethics is important. Firstly, the power and influence of corporations in society is greater than ever before. Evidence suggests that many members of the public are uneasy with such developments (Bernstein, 2000). For instance, one recent poll of more than 20 leading economic nations revealed that almost 75% of residents believed large companies had too much influence on the decisions of their government (Cywinski, 2008). Secondly, business has the potential to provide a major contribution to our societies in terms of producing the products and services that we want. It also provides employment, paying taxes, and acting as an engine for our world development. As a 2008 global survey conducted by McKinsey shows, about 50% of business executives think that corporations make a mostly or somewhat positive contribution to society, while some 25% believe that their contribution is mostly or somewhat negative (McKinsey Quarterly, 2008). Thirdly, business malpractices have the potential to inflict enormous harm on individuals, on communities, and on the environment. For example, the BP gasoline company, because it made a mistake, polluted large acreage of the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Further more, few businesspeople have received formal business ethics education or training. Business ethics can help to improve ethical decision-making by managers or decision makers. The knowledge of business ethics can help them to correctly identify, diagnose, analyze, and provide solutions t o the ethical problems and dilemmas they are confronted with. Why are motivations important? First of all, the term motivation derives from the Latin word movere, meaning to move (Tansky, 2003). To be successful or even more successful, nowadays both private and public corporations need to maximize the use of their employees skills. Aslan (2011) said Employees were considered as solely one of the inputs during the factories production process in the initial stages of the industrial revolution. And further more, human resource management is the most critical part fororganizations in todays highly competitive business environment. Therefore, make the organization effective through motivating employees that is the primary task of any managers. It is obvious that motivation can be main factors that determines the work performance of employees. And therefore an organizations success mostly depends on the highly motivated employees. But how do we motivate our subordinate? Maslow need tneedsy already solved some of these problems. If we know what drives the people, then we are able to make them to do what we want (Owens, 2004; Eren, 2007; Ko?el, 2010). Moreover, Kulkarni and Chiniwar (2009) said the Hawthorne Studies began the human relations approach to management, and then the needs and motivation of employees become an important topic for managers. On the other hand motivation is a framework in so many aspects because people are usually motivated by different combination factors. Reinholt (2006) argues that the organizational science literature on motivation has been polarized into two main aspects; the organizational economic position focusing on extrinsic motivation and the organizational behavior position emphasizing intrinsic motivation any highly competive business environment. Therefore, make the organization effective through motivating employees that is the primary task of any managers. It is obvious that motivation can be main factors that determines the work performance of employees. And therefore an organizations success mostly depends on the hi ghly motivated employees.   But how do we motivate our subordinate?   If we know what drives the people, then we are able to make them to do what we want (Owens, 2004; Eren, 2007; Ko?el, 2010). Moreover, Kulkarni and Chiniwar (2009) said the Hawthorne Studies began the human relations approach to management, and then the needs and motivation of employees become an important topic for managers. On the other hand motivation is a framework in so many aspects because people are usually motivated by different combination factors. Reinholt (2006) argues that the organizational science literature on motivation has been polarized into two main aspects; the organizational economic position focusing on extrinsic motivation and the organizational behavior position emphasizing intrinsic motivations success mostly depends on the highly motivated employees.   Literature Review One of the keys to successfully achieving organizational goals is to have fully motivated employees. According to Edward Staren (2009), motivators who implements positive reinforcements are more likely to produce desirable outcomes as compared to those who use negative ones. He also argues that factors of motivation vary on the individual level, which means that an effective manager has to recognize the needs of every employee in order for them to drive towards satisfaction on their work. Richard Clark (2002) points out the issues in addressing motivation are different when it comes to individuals and team-based organizations. He furthered that satisfying motivations in groups is more complex because the management has to find a common interests or goals from the members of the group before addressing them as one. Work environment is also important in motivating people. Other motivators include fair compensation and sufficient benefits such as insurances and performance-based incentives. In a study conducted by Poornima (2009) on employees in the IT industry, he concluded that both monetary and non-monetary rewards are not only crucial but also crucial in building satisfaction. In his study on software development staff in India, Poornima found out that monetary rewards are not always an effective motivator especially if the employees have already achieved their physiological needs. Michael Pepe (2010), on the other hand, identified extrinsic motivational factors to c ontribute to decreasing employee job satisfaction and commitment to work. Using a combined sample of 46 managers and clerical staff at a supermarket store, Pepe found out that as employees increase their perception on Supervisor ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s support, their satisfaction towards work also increases. An empirical study by Mannenetr and Kaen (2010) conducted for the tourism industry of Thailand and Laos showed similar results of positive working behavior if accompanied by effective motivational factors. Upon drawing a sample consisting of 140 workers who came from both the hotel business and travel agencies, the authors supported their hypothesis by coming up with the following results: (a) that the working behavior of people working for travel agencies and hotel businesses had the same rank level, (2) that the work motivation of personnel working for travel agencies has a direct and positive relationship with their work behavior, and (3) the working attitudes of personnel in the ho tel business also had a positive relationship with their motivation at work. Their study showed that positive reinforcements will then result to positive motivation, thus exhibiting better and positive attitudes in the workplace. Similarly, a descriptive survey approach conducted by Joseph and Dai (2010) identified factors that stimulate employees to work at their workplace. The study is able to demonstrate through a sample of 143 participants that positive motivators identified were: good pay, appreciation of their work, and job security are drivers of employee motivation. To measure the impact of motivation at work, Tremblay, Blanchard, Taylor, Pelletier, and Villenueve (2009) used Work Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) to identify its value in organizational psychology. Their study was double purpose: first, to assess if WEIMS is an efficient tool in measuring motivation level and second, to assess factors affecting motivation among workers (military = 465; civilians = 192). Their findings found that WEIMS is reliable and practical in producing valid results in measuring motivation in organizational psychology setting. Houts, Keppler, and Kalfayan (2010), on the other hand, focused on motivation theory, corporate culture, and employment law in relation to organizational behavior, human resource management, and ethics. The case study researched a true-to-life lawsuit filed against a company due to inappropriate team building exercise implemented among the female employees. The authors have exemplified that motivational factors may be us ed in the wrong direction to exploit employees and cast aspersions on them. On the other hand, I have found some information about business ethics. In my opinion, business does not have just one single goal, which is adding economic value. Every company wants their business keep profitable, that means sustainability. Andrew and Dirk (2004) said sustainability refers to the long-term maintenance of systems according to environment, economic and social considerations. This is the best way or the only one way to make a business keep survive in the modern society. The concept of sustainability is generally regarded as having emerged from the environment perspective, most notably in forestry management (Hediger, 1999). The environment part is the basic principle of sustainability. It concerns the effective management of physical resources that are conserved for the future. Meanwhile, all biosystems are regarded as having the finite resources and finite capacity. As this reason, sustainable human activity must operate at a level that does not threaten the health o f those systems. That means we have to build a world for our posterity that can really enjoy the same living standards as us. So the Mine Companies, Oil Corporations, and steel manufactures should focus on this important issue. On the other hand, economic sustainability focuses on the economic performance of the corporation itself. For instance, the responsibility of management is to develop, produce, and market those products that can secure the long-term profitability of the corporation. That means management of the corporation should include the business ethics concepts, and the top managers or decision makers should understand what business ethics is. Because it definitely can help them make ethical decisions. The development of the social perspective on sustainability has tended to trail behind that of the environment and economic perspectives (Scott, Park, and Cocklin, 2000). The key issue in the social perspective on sustainability is that of social justice. Because corporati ons are the most important engines of economic development, so they have the duty to help people to establish the just and equitable world. Some of goals such as ensuring environmental sustainability, eradicating extreme poverty and hunger and achieving universal primary education. It is very difficult to achieve the goal, but all the companies have to try their best to do it. Secondly, corporate social responsibility still a big part for business ethics. Making a positive contribution to society might be regarded as a long-term investment in a safer, better and more equitable community, which subsequently benefits the corporation by creating an improved and stable competitive context in which to do business (Porter and Kramer, 2006). For a company, the social responsibility is really important, and this is the most significant issue in business ethics. Corporate social responsibility that includes economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities (Carroll, 1991). Therefore, if a company accomplishes all the duties, then this company will have a very good reputation and it will help it get the long-term competitive advantage. First of all, economic responsibility is the most basic principle in corporate social responsibility. Because companies have their own shareholders who demand a reasonable return on their investment. And then, these bosses h ave their employees, so the employees want safe and fairly paid jobs. Both of them have customers who demand good quality products at a fair price. The legal responsibility of corporations demands that businesses abide by the law and never break the law or constitution. Carroll (1991) suggests that the satisfaction of legal responsibilities is required of all corporations seeking to be socially responsible. On the other hand, ethical responsibility obliges companies to do what is right, just and fair. Carroll (1991) argues that ethical responsibilities therefore consist of what is generally expected by society over and above economic and legal expectations. The last responsibility is philanthropic, this aspect of CSR addresses a great variety of issues, such as charitable donations, support for local schools or hospitals and taking more care about employees and their families. Lastly, ethical issues in the firm-employee relation. So its the ethics inside the company. Every company has its own staff, so all the bosses try to motivate their employees and therefore they will be working so hard. But if they do not have a good relationship, maybe a boycott will happen and it will be harmful for the corporation. So, the ethical issues in the firm-employee relation can assist with investors building a modern company. A first important area is the information policy of the corporation (Hopkins and Hopkins 1999). It can be contended that employees have a right to know about the reason for downsizing a company and redundancy. If the company fires the employees, the company should make the compensation package regular, because they become unemployed people, so they need enough money to bridge the time for finding a new job. Moreover, employees might take control of individual decisions relevant their own jobs, they are not only a pawn of the employers. Employees are also allowed to express their views on decision taken by employer. So a boss or CEO for the company, he is not the only one decision maker or dictator. Their staffs also have the rights to make decisions. Therefore, I think employees have a full and codified right to determine major decisions n the company. How Apple Company Motivates employees and business ethics Apple Inc. the one of the most successful multinational corporation, worlds third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia. Fortune magazine 2009 named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012. However, the company has received criticism for its contractors labor practices, and for Apples own environmental and business practices. But, as we all known nothing is perfect, so we can still learn some good stuffs about ethics and motivation from Apple Inc. Apple has been committed to the highest standards of social responsibility across its worldwide supply chain. It has been insist all of its suppliers provide safe working conditions, treat workers with dignity and respect, and moreover use environmentally responsible manufacturing processes. Well terminate our relationship with those suppliers which do not respect the code or they refuse to take corrective actions based on audits (Apple supplier code, 2012). To respect labor and human right. Apples suppliers must uphold the rights of their workers. Apple does not tolerate involuntary labor, underage labor, excessive work hours, or discrimination. And as a member of the Fair Labor Association, Apple is setting a new standard in its industry for transparency and oversight. Moreover, Apples suppliers must create a safe and healthy work environment for their workers. Safety equipment, proper ventilation, and emergency procedures are just the beginning. On the other hand, Apples suppliers must use environmentally sound processes, including managing hazardous substances, treating wastewater, and limiting air emissions. Its all part of a commitment that starts with product design and continues through manufacturing and beyond. Lastly, the most important part for Apple is fostering and enforcing ethical practices. Apple has established ethics training programs for managers that cover proper recruitment of foreign workers, record-keeping and documentation of business practices, worker ID checks and age verification, tracking of working hours, and general management responsibilities. Apple-designed training programs have educated more than one million supply chain employees about their rights as workers, local laws and occupational health and safety (Apple, 2012). Look at how Apple motivates employees. In relation to creative organizations like Apple it is argued that the key success factor is employees motivation and therefore Apple need to be rewards employees in order to foster creative thinking and sustain high motivation (Tiddand Bessant, 2009). On the other hand, Kaplan Norton (1993) said Apple makes a comprehensive employee survey for its departments every two years. The survey questions are only concerned with how well employees understand the companys strategy. Apple motivates people depend on the result of the survey. It offers, such as product discounts or insurances (Apple, 2010).This policy can retain more and more employees work for Apple. Moreover, Steve Jobs, Apples CEO, argues that the latter is the gravitational force that puts all the bright and creative people together (Burrows, 2004). By the way, money and gifts are both good things to motivate people. For example, Apples employees receive d a free iPod Shuffle or iPhone a s a thank you for their achievements (Apple Insider 2005; Meinck, 2007). So now we can easily to find that Apple has a good policy or systems to do motivate employees and doing ethical business. As far as I concerned, Apple will innovate more and more new high tech products and soft wares. Because Apples motivation policy will attract more knowledge people come to work for it. In the future, Apple will become a good example of business ethics, and then organizations will learn business ethics from Apple. Therefore, in my opinion Apple will lead our future. Conclusion Hope we can learn some about motivation and business ethic, and some good example from Apple. Motivation is a result of equally combined efforts of positive reinforcements and the personal goals of an employee. The literature review tells that there is a direct correlation between motivational factors and working behaviors of personnel. Theories such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Equity Theory, and Goal Setting Theory help in understanding how motivation is formed and achieved through positive and negative reinforcements. It is also important for effective managers to realize that not all employees are aware that they are already unmotivated towards their work. On the other hand, business ethics is very important for the company in the modern society. Both developing and developed countries must focus on the theories and concepts. It is very difficult to make all the businesspeople doing ethical business, but I think in the future, it will be come true. Our human will build a perfec t world.

A kite is a victim Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Poem titled â€Å"A Kite is a victim† written by Leonard Cohen contains multiple tropes. Through my own analysis I propose that the author’s central focus concerns life. Cohen discusses the relationships and accomplishes that we make throughout our lifetimes. In my opinion, the kite is a metaphor for the essence of life and living. Each of the four stanzas in the poem begins with a trope. In every case the tenor is the kite. These tropes will be analyzed with regard to the central theme of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first tenor that I will discuss can be found in the first line of the first stanza. Cohen writes: â€Å"A kite is a victim you are sure of†. This is personification. Leonard Cohen uses a human quality â€Å"victim† to describe an inanimate object. The tenor would be the kits and the vehicle is clearly victim. The first stanza presents the qualities of life and love. The kite is a victim like life is a sacrificial and sometimes inevitably painful. As much as we have happiness we must also experience sadness and hurt. You are sure of it because it is part of everyday. You know that you must experience these hard ships in order to move forward. Cohen describes it as being tempting because it pulls. Life is interesting because you cannot control it completely. There are ups and downs just like a kite in the wind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next tenors that I will identify can be found in the first stanza in the third and fourth lines. Both of these lines provide an example of personification. Much like the initial line of the poem, these lines characterize the kite with human qualities:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Gentle enough to call you master,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  strong enough to call you fool.† In these examples the tenor is the kite and the entire lines represent the vehicle. A kite cannot be neither gentle, nor strong or call you anything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These tenors represent the full spectrum of emotions and strength in life. It is as if he is discussing god and the life you have been given. It is gentle enough that you often feel strong and powerful but also strong enough to humble you. The sixth line of Cohen’s poem is a simile. Leonard makes a direct comparison between a falcon and the kite:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"like a desperate trained falcon.†   &nb... ...ugh prayer. Finally, the fourth stanza also contains another example of personification in line 25: â€Å"under the traveling cordless moon.† In this case the kite is not the tenor. Cohen describes the moon with distinctively human qualities. The moon cannot be cordless and some would also argue that it cannot be traveling. Therefore the vehicle is cordless. This tenor describes the moon, the light in the darkness. It moves forward without any restraints unlike the kite. It is a freeing experience. It is time to let go and move toward death. Finally death and the acceptance of it provides a person with purity. Often with death comes more fame. You die but not without leaving memories and worthiness behind. You become completely pure and important through your legacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonard Cohen illustrates some incredibly deep and powerful perspectives on life in this poem. He makes clear connections between his metaphors and the overall theme of the poem. Each tenor represents another metaphor that is open to scrutinizing interpretation. The theme of life and living is a powerful one. Cohen has provided effective examples of tenors within the text of a profound poem.